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1.
Science ; 372(6544): 1-7, 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS, CONASS, ColecionaSUS, SES-SP, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1247888

ABSTRACT

Cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Manaus, Brazil, resurged in late 2020 despite previously high levels of infection. Genome sequencing of viruses sampled in Manaus between November 2020 and January 2021 revealed the emergence and circulation of a novel SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern. Lineage P.1 acquired 17 mutations, including a trio in the spike protein (K417T, E484K, and N501Y) associated with increased binding to the human ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) receptor. Molecular clock analysis shows that P.1 emergence occurred around mid-November 2020 and was preceded by a period of faster molecular evolution. Using a two-category dynamical model that integrates genomic and mortality data, we estimate that P.1 may be 1.7- to 2.4-fold more transmissible and that previous (non-P.1) infection provides 54 to 79% of the protection against infection with P.1 that it provides against non-P.1 lineages. Enhanced global genomic surveillance of variants of concern, which may exhibit increased transmissibility and/or immune evasion, is critical to accelerate pandemic responsiveness.


Subject(s)
Angiotensins , Genome , Betacoronavirus
2.
Femina ; 37(8): 423-426, ago. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-534962

ABSTRACT

As anomalias cromossômicas apresentam grande incidência entre os nativivos e natimortos, constituindo a maior causa de morte fetal em países desenvolvidos, no período perinatal. Tradicionalmente, o diagnóstico dessas cromossomopatias é feito por procedimentos invasivos, que não são isentos de complicações materno-fetais. O desenvolvimento de técnicas que permitem identificação e o isolamento de células fetais e de DNA fetal livre no sangue periférico materno tem permitido o diagnóstico precoce das anomalias cromossômicas, tornando-se, desse modo, uma área de intensas pesquisas. Estudos mais recentes também envolvem a identificação e quantificação de mRNA fetal na circulação materna, o que torna possível a análise da expressão gênica fetal durante a gestação. O resgate de material fetal em sangue periférico materno e sua utilização no diagnóstico de várias doenças fetais é uma área de grande interesse na medicina fetal atual. Estudos são necessários para se avaliar melhor o papel propedêutico dessas novas técnicas, assim como sua aplicabilidade na prática clínica rotineira.


Chromosomal abnormalities show great incidence among live birth and stillbirth, becoming the major fetal death cause during the perinatal period in developed countries. Traditionally, the diagnosis of these chromosomal abnormalities is performed through invasive techniques which are not free from maternal-fetal complications. The development of techniques that allows identification and isolation of fetal cells and free fetal DNA in peripheral maternal blood has afforded the early diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and, therefore, become an intensive area of research. Recent studies describe the identification and qualification of fetal mRNA in the maternal circulation, which makes possible fetal gene expression analysis during pregnancy. The identification of fetal material in maternal circulation and its value on the diagnosis of several fetal diseases is a great area of interest in the current fetal medicine. Studies are necessary to evaluate the best propedeutic role of these new techniques, as well as their applicability in the routine clinical practice.


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Chromosome Aberrations , DNA , Prenatal Diagnosis/methods , Fetal Diseases/diagnosis , Fetal Diseases/genetics , Fetal Diseases/blood , Fetal Blood , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Trisomy/diagnosis
3.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 40(3): 237-241, 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-541912

ABSTRACT

A hereditariedade autossômica dominante da neoplasia endócrina múltipla tipo 2 (NEM 2) relaciona-se à ativação do proto-oncogene RET, através de mutações missense. As mutações do RET são encontradas em 95% dos casos índices de NEM 2 e apresentam relação direta entre sua localização codon específica e os diversos fenótipos desenvolvidos, dentre eles, carcinoma medular datireóide, feocromocitoma e/ou hiperparatireoidismo. Baseando-se em análises bioquímicas e genéticas, é possível efetuar um diagnósticoprematuro, viabilizando a intervenção cirúrgica em tempo hábil. A periodicidade da monitorização bioquímica é ditada pelo fenótipopresente, pelas manifestações clínicas familiares e pelo genótipo RET. A recomendação da análise genética deve ser feita a todos indivíduos afetados e também a seus ascendentes e descendentes diretos, caso alguma mutação esteja presente; permitindo identificar os portadores de mutações RET, previamente ao início da sintomatologia. Neste trabalho, serão discutidos os aspectos molecularesdos diversos fenótipos da NEM 2, bem como a importância da identificação genotípica do proto-oncogene RET e sua interação com os testes bioquímicos visando o diagnóstico precoce, prevenção, monitorização, screening familiar e, portanto, maior sobrevidado paciente.


The dominant autossomic hereditarity of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) is related to RET proto-oncogene activation, through mutations missense. RET mutations are found in 95% of MEN 2 index cases and present direct relation between its specific localization codon and the diverse developed phenotypes, among them, medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma and/or hyperparathyroidism. Being based on biochemists and genetics analyses, it is possible to perform a premature diagnosis, making possible a surgical intervention in the right time. The biochemist monitoring regularity is determined by present phenotype, the familiar clinical manifestations and RET genotype. The recommendation of the genetic analysis must be made to all affected individuals and also their ascendants and descendants, in case some mutation is present, allowing to identify the RET mutations carriers previously to the beginning of the symptomatology. In this work, the molecular aspects of MEN 2 diverse phenotypes will be discussed, as well as the importance of the RET proto-oncogene genotypic identification and its interaction with the biochemists tests aiming the precocious diagnosis, prevention, monitoring, familiar screening e, therefore, the patient’s longer survival.


Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinoma, Medullary , Genetics, Medical , Hyperparathyroidism , Heredity/genetics , Pheochromocytoma , Proto-Oncogenes/genetics
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